A Comparative Study on Adjustment Problems of schedule Tribe and Schedule Cast High School Students

 

Smt. Nandita Pathy¹, Dr. (Smt.) Mamta Gupta²

 

¹Asst. Prof., Department of Education, Pt. Harishankar Shukla Memorial College, Raipur (C.G.)

²H.O.D., Department of Education, Pt. Harishankar Shukla Memorial College, Raipur (C.G.)

 

 

INTRODUCTION:

Education is a process which involves overall development viz mental, social, physical and emotional. It also has a conceptual framework which implies development of individual, their potentials and personalities which ultimately help an individual to adjust himself in a better way in the society.

 

Adjustment is a process on way in which the individual attempts to deal with stress, tensions, and conflicts etc, to meet his or her needs. In this process, the individual also makes efforts to maintain harmonious relationship with the environment.

 

A Healthy (both mentally and physically) society can only be originated by healthy citizens. A well adjusted child of today is the well adjusted citizen of tomorrow. So it is very necessary to find out the reasons of their maladjustment and strategies to overcome those barriers.

 

Adjustment problem is any difficulty conscious or unconscious, which is disturbing am, individual sufficiently enough to hamper his solving problem and continuing development. This adjustment problem means the degrees of disharmony between individual and his environment. This always results in frustration when we are unable to provide situations in the home or school. Which can enable the child to satisfy his needs maladjustment takes place. Not only home and school, but the community in which the child lives also affects his behavior.

 

The adjustment problems may be shown in the form of indiscipline in Govt. School, aggressiveness, in attentiveness in class, involving in quarrels or fights with

 

Classmates etc. In rare cases, the problem may include drug abuse, gang membership, family violence etc.

 

Adjustment problems of our students, therefore, must be taken seriously. Both general and ST/SC students are taken into consideration. This is because in

 

Chhattisgarh 1/3^rd of its population consists of ST/SC. This exploited group of population has faced a set back since centuries. This has deprived them from all educational opportunities and very often suffers, from inferiority complex and fined difficulty to adjust to the modern social and educational status.

 

The study of adjustment problems is confined to adjustment in health, home, social and emotional, but here total adjustment problems have been taken up.

 

a.     Though the study is confined to only 4 areas, it will help to identify the major adjustment problems of both St/SC and general students. It will also help to throw a light on the reasons behind it.

 

b.     Knowledge of the reasons of the adjustment problem will definitely help parents and teachers in guiding maladjusted students in computing the

barriers of adjustment.

 

c.     This will also help in making plans to introduce major steps to help the maladjusted students to develop their personality totally.

 

d.     This will also help in finding ways in reducing the inferiority complex to some extent normally prevailing in ST/SC students and bring them to the level of
general students.

 

In adjustment, the two crucial factors are the individual and the environment Individual factors include hereditary and biological facts psycho-factors and the quality of socialization given to him by home. Environment includes all social factors.

 

A child needs parental love. Many times, due to poor expression of love from parents or any parental favoritism towards his brothers and sisters or by humiliations and punishments from teachers, a child feels neglected and become maladjusted in the class as well as in society.

 

On the other hand, India observes different castes and classes in her society. Some like ST/SC have always been facing a set back as compared to general caste students. Unequal schooling and low socio-economic conditions have produced adjustment problem in children of this class.

 

According to census 2001, the total population of India is 8.43 crores and in Chhattisgarh State, nearly 1/3 of its population consists of ST/SC out of which 32, 87332 are males and 33,29,262 are females. So it is obvious we have to address their adjustment problems also for the proper and real progress of the state and country.

 

A number of researches have been conducted on the adjustment of pupils and their relationship with certain variables and many work and findings have been carried out on the most important personality dimensions.

 

In Raipur also, people want their children to be highly educated and have better future. But not much attention has been given towards this problem in Raipur. Hence the researcher considered it necessary to work on the adjustment problems with respect to caste. By designing such a study, the researcher can clearly identify and diagnose as well as facilitate the inhibitory factors which operate as barriers of adjustment of both ST/SC and general students of Govt. High Schools of Raipur.

 

Man is the only animal that can take advantage of the knowledge which has been preserved through the centuries. He builds upon the accumulated and recorded knowledge of the past, his constant adding to the vast store house of knowledge provided by the review of literature.

 

Mehta (1983) studied adjustment and personality types among obedient and disobedient students. He found that obedient and disobedient students did not differ significantly in different areas of adjustment.

 

Manwaul (1981) conducted a study on habit adjustment and anxiety among schedule caste and general students. It was found that in spite to relaxation and various facilities provided by government to scheduled caste students, they do not show proper adjustment and high academic achievements. Rather, they show anxiety as compared to the general students.

 

Kannath (1990) studied the factors underlying adjustment problems in Navodya Vidyalaya. It was found that there is a significant difference between urban boys and girls, whereas, no significant difference was found between urban and rural girls and boys studying in Navodaya Vidyalayas.

 

The above review showed that no study has been carried out on scheduled caste and schedule tribe students regarding their adjustment problems. Therefore, the present study has been taken up.

 

OBJECTIVE:

Adjustment Problem of ST/SC students have been studied with general students.

1.         To study the adjustment problems of ST/SC and general boys of Govt. High Schools.

2.         To study the adjustment problems of ST/SC and general girls of Govt. High Schools.

3.         To compare the adjustment problems of general boys and general girls of Govt. High Schools.

4.         To compare the adjustment problems of ST/SC boys and ST/SC girls of Govt. High Schools.

5.         To compare the adjustment problems of ST/SC and general Govt. High School students.

 

HYPOTHESIS:

1.        There will be no significant difference in the adjustment problem of ST/SC and General Govt. High School boys.

2.        There will be no significant difference in the adjustment problem of ST/SCand General Govt. High School girls.

3.        The will be no significant difference in adjustment problem of general boys and general girls of Govt. High Schools.

4.        There will be no significant difference in adjustment problem of ST/SC boys and ST/SC girls of Govt. High Schools.

5.        There will be no significant difference in adjustment problem of St/SC students and general Govt. High School students.

 

SAMPLE:

In the study, 120 High School students have been taken as a sample.

The students were selected from six (6) Govt. High Schools of Raipur (C.G.) 60 boys and 60 girls were taken. Out of this, 30 were chosen from ST/SC category and 30 from general category. The sample was taken using Stratified Random Sampling Technique.

 

TOOLS:

The Bell's adjustment inventory for school students prepared by Dr. R.K. OJHA is selected for the present study to measure the adjustment problems of the students. This is a highly reliable and valid tool.

 

STATISTICAL APPLICATION:

The hypotheses have been verified using mean, S.D. and  't' test.

 

FINDINGS, THEIR INTERPRETATIONS AND DISCUSSION

The information findings, their interpretations about different hypotheses are given as follows:

 

Hypothesis H 1

There will be no significant difference in the adjustment problem of SC/ST and General Govt. High School boys of Raipur city.

 

From the table 1 it is visible that mean of General boys and SC/ST boys are 47.83 and 53.96 respectively. This shows greater difficulty of adjustment in SC/ST boys. From calculation of t-value, t = 1.838 which is less than 2, the limit of t at 5% level of significance with degrees of freedom 58. Thus the difference is insignificant. Thus, the hypothesis H1 is accepted.

 

It can be concluded that there is no significant difference in adjustment between male General and male SC/ST students with respect to adjustment in home, health, Social and emotional areas

 

Hypothesis H 2

There will be no significant difference in the adjustment problem of SC/ST and General Govt. High School girls of Raipur city.

 

From the table 2 it is visible that mean of adjustment problem of General girls and SC/ST girls are 44.13 and 57.00 respectively. This shows greater difficulty of adjustment in SC/ST girls. From calculation of t-value, t= 3.17 which is less than 2, the limit of t at 5% level of significance with degrees of freedom 58. Thus the difference is significant. Thus, the hypothesis H2 is rejected.

 

It can be concluded that there is significant difference in adjustment between General and SC/ST girls with respect to adjustment in home, health, social and emotional areas. Sc/ST girls face more adjustment problems than the general caste girls.

 

Hypothesis H 3

There will be no significant difference in the adjustment problem of General boys and General girl student of Raipur city.

 

Table 1 Values of G and SC/ST male Students' Adjustment Problem.

	Category	Mean (M)	s	N	DoF	T	Result
1.	General (boys)	47.83	10.29	30	58	1.83	Insignificant at 0.01 level
2.	SC/ST (boys)	53.96	15.07	30

 

Table 2 Values of G and SC/ST female Students' Adjustment Problem.

	Category	Mean (M)		N	DoF	T	Result
1.	General (girls)	44.13	15.06	30	58	3.1	Significant at 0.01 level
2.	SC/ST (girls)	57.00	16.15	30

 

Table 3 values of G male and G Female Students' Adjustment Problem.

	Category	Mean (M)	s	N	DoF	t	Result
1.	General (boys)	47.83	10.29	30	58	1.11	Insignificant at 0.01 level
2.	General (girls)	44.13	15.06	30

 

Table 4 values of male SC/ST and female SC/ST Students' Adjustment Problem

	Category	Mean(M)	s	N	DoF	t	Result
1.	SC/ST (boys)	53.96	15.07	30	58	0.75	Insignificant at 0.01 level
2.	SC/ST (girls)	57.00	16.15	30

 

Table 5 Values of G Students' and SC/ST students Adjustment Problem.

	Category	Mean (M)	s	N	DoF	t	Result
1.	General (students)	45.98	13.04	60	118	3.59	Significant at 0.01 level
2.	SC/ST (students)	55.48	15.76	60

 

Table 3 shows that mean of General boys and General girls are 47.83 and 53.96 respectively. This shows greater difficulty of adjustment in General boys. From calculation of t-value, t= 1.11 which is less than 2, the limit of t at 5% level of significance with degrees of freedom 58. Thus the difference is insignificant. Thus, the hypothesis H3 is accepted.

 

It can be concluded that there is insignificant difference in adjustment between General boys and girls students with respect to adjustment in home, health, social and emotional areas.

 

Hypothesis H 4

There will be no significant difference in the adjustment problem of SC/ST boys and SC/ST girls of Govt. High School.

 

A perusal of table 4, it is visible that mean of SC/ST boys and SC/ST girls are 53.96 and 57.00 respectively. This shows greater difficulty of adjustment in SC/ST girls. From calculation of t-value, t= 0.75 which is less than 3, the limit of t at 5% level of significance with degrees is insignificant. Thus, the hypothesis H4 is accepted.

 

It can be concluded that there is insignificant difference in adjustment between male SC/ST and female SC/ST students with respect to adjustment in home, health, social and emotional areas.

 

Hypothesis H 5

There will be no significant difference in the adjustment problem of SC/ST and General Govt. High School students of Raipur city.

 

The table 5 shows that mean of General students and SC/ST students are 45.98 and 55.48 respectively. This shows greater difficulty of adjustment in SC/ST students. From calculation of t-value, t=3.59 which is more than 1.98, the limit oft at 5% level of significance with degrees of freedom 118. Thus the difference is significant. Thus, the hypothesis H5 is rejected.

 

It can be concluded that there is significant difference in adjustment between General students and SC/ST students with respect to adjustment in home, health, social and emotional areas.

 

SUGGESTIONS:

The following suggestions are being made for improving the adjustment problems prevailing among school students.

1.       Students should be imparted high principles of living.

2.       Students should be encouraged for approval, tolerance and inter-personal relations among them.

3.       Students should be trained about how to choose their goals

4.       students should be taught about how to achieve their goals progressively

5.       Counseling services should be arranged for students to understand their problems and needs.

6.       Encourage students to actively participate in other activities while going through educational process.

7.       Physical training should be given importance for fitness and proper growth of students.

8.       Students should be made aware about current internal and external factors that may be good and bad to them.

9.       Students should be provided with proper educational environment in the school.

10.    Parents and teachers should be sympathetic and loving to students.

11.    Parents and teachers should be made aware about the students psychology and their needs and difficulties.

 

REFERENCES:

1.        Kannath, M.M. (1990) The progress of education, vol. 15 No. l, Pg 7-10.

2.                 Manwaul S.L. et.al. (1981) Indian Psychological Review. Vol. 20, No.4, Pg. 28-32.

3.                 Mehta, G.A. (1983) Indian Psychological Review, vol.24. No.2, Pg.38-41.